Embedded Figures; Dictionary / Alphabetical Order; Miscellaneous Reasoning

Embedded Figures

24.1 Concept

A small figure is hidden (embedded) within a larger, complex figure.

24.2 Strategy

1. Note the distinctive features of the small figure (specific angles, lengths)
2. Look for those features in the larger figure
3. Mentally trace the boundary of the small figure within the large one
4. Ignore distracting lines in the larger figure

Dictionary / Alphabetical Order

25.1 Method

To arrange words in dictionary (alphabetical) order:

1. Compare the first letters of all words
2. If first letters are same, compare second letters
3. Continue until a difference is found
4. Arrange based on that distinguishing letter's position in alphabet

25.2 Example — Detailed

Words: Wrath, Wretch, Wriggle, Wrinkle, Writhe

• All start with Wr
• 3rd letter: i in Wrinkle, Wriggle, Writhe; e in Wretch; a in Wrath
• Order of 3rd letters: a < e < i
• Order so far: Wrath, Wretch, Wri...
• Among Wri...: 4th letter check: Wriggle, Wrinkle, Writhe
• g < n < t → Wriggle → Wrinkle → Writhe
• Final order: Wrath (5), Wretch (4), Wriggle (2), Wrinkle (1), Writhe (3)
• Answer: 5, 4, 2, 1, 3

25.3 Quick Tips

• Remember: A comes before all other letters
• Double letters: "aa" comes before "ab"

Shorter words first if one is prefix of another (e.g., "cat" before "catch")

Miscellaneous Reasoning

26.1 Sitting in a Queue / Row

Counting total people:

Total = Position from left + Position from right - 1

Counting people between two:

People between = Total - (position of A from left + position of B from right) [if they don't overlap]

26.2 Calendar Reasoning

• Days of the week repeat every 7 days
• If today is Tuesday, 7 days later is Tuesday
• To find day after 'n' days: (current day number + n) mod 7

Day number mapping:

• Sun=0, Mon=1, Tue=2, Wed=3, Thu=4, Fri=5, Sat=6

26.3 Clocks in Reasoning

Times when clock shows same numerals as mirror:

• At 12:00 and 6:00 (approximately)

Formula: Mirror time = 12 - actual time (hours + minutes together)

26.4 Input-Output Number Patterns

Number → Output:

• Identify the operation: sum of digits, product, reversal, etc.

Check if rule works for all given examples

• Apply to find missing output

Example: 13 → 4, 26 → 8, 42 → 6, 35 → ?

• 1+3=4, 2+6=8, 4+2=6, 3+5=8 (sum of digits)

26.5 Visual Reasoning (Pattern Completion)

Given a 3×3 grid with one piece missing:

1. Identify the transformation in each row (rotation, flipping, addition of shape)
2. Apply same transformation to find the missing piece
3. Verify same pattern holds column-wise

26.6 Statement True / False Type

• Read statement carefully
• Check if it follows from given data EXACTLY
• Beware of words like "all," "none," "always," "never" (universal qualifiers)
• "Some" statements are easier to prove true (need only one example)
• "All" statements are easiest to prove false (need only one counter-example)

📊 Analogy Reference Table

Scientific Studies

Instruments and Measurement

Animal Young Ones